What Specific Raw Materials Are Needed To Manufacture Photovoltaic Panels?
The production of solar panels requires a range of materials that work together to create an efficient and sustainable energy source. In this article, we will explore the various materials needed to produce solar panels, including their specific functions and importance in the manufacturing process.
Silicon wafers
The foundation of solar panel production is the silicon wafer. Silicon wafers are thin slices of silicon crystals that are used to produce solar cells. These wafers are produced by cutting a single crystal of silicon into thin sheets. After the wafers are cut, they are coated with a phosphorous-doped layer, which allows them to absorb sunlight and generate an electrical charge. The silicon wafer is the most expensive material used in solar panel manufacturing, and its availability can affect the price of the final product.
Busbars and Conductive Materials
Busbars are conductive metal strips that run across the surface of the solar panel. They are crucial in the transfer of electricity generated by the solar panels to the rest of the system. Busbars are typically made of aluminum or silver and are designed to provide a low-resistance pathway for electricity to flow from the solar cells.
Anti-reflective coating
The anti-reflective coating plays a significant role in solar panel efficiency. Typically made of silicon nitride, the coating reduces the amount of sunlight that reflects off the surface of the solar panel. The coating helps maximize the amount of sunlight that is absorbed and converted to electricity.
Metal frames
Metal frames provide support and protection for solar panels. The frames are typically made of aluminum and are sturdy enough to hold the weight of the solar panels while also providing a barrier against weathering and other environmental factors.
Backplate
The backplate or rear surface of the solar panel is made of a weather-resistant material that protects the solar modules from moisture and other types of environmental stress. The backplate is usually made of a moisture-resistant polymer and is designed to withstand a range of temperatures and levels of humidity.
Glass panel
The top surface of the solar panel is covered by a glass panel or front surface. The glass panel must be transparent to allow sunlight to pass through while also being sturdy enough to protect the solar cells below. The glass used in solar panels is usually tempered, which gives it strength and durability.
Encapsulation material
The encapsulation material is used to seal the individual solar cells and protect them from moisture and other types of environmental stress. The most common material used for encapsulation is ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). The EVA encapsulation layer helps to ensure that the solar cells are protected from moisture and other types of environmental stress.
Junction Box
The junction box is the connection point between the solar panel and the system that converts the electricity generated by the panel into a usable form of energy. The junction box usually contains diodes, which prevent the flow of electricity in the opposite direction. The junction box is made of a durable material such as molded plastic.
Adhesives and Sealants
Adhesives and sealants are used to bond the different parts of the solar panel together. The adhesives provide a strong and reliable bond that ensures that the panel remains intact. The sealants are used to prevent moisture and other types of environmental pollutants from getting into the solar panel.
Conclusion
Solar panels are a byproduct of a complex production process that requires a range of materials to work together to create an efficient and sustainable energy source. The materials used in solar panel manufacturing are designed to protect the solar cells from moisture and other environmental stress while maximizing the amount of sunlight the cells absorb and convert into electricity. When manufactured properly, solar panels have the potential to provide a reliable source of clean energy for years to come.