The 8 Main Components Of Photovoltaic Solar Panels

Photovoltaic glass is a kind of sodium-lime-silicon hydrochloric acid glass, which is mainly used for the encapsulation of photovoltaic modules. Photovoltaic glass will directly affect the power generation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic modules.

Photovoltaic glass is generally low-iron tempered glass or semi-tempered glass, with the following characteristics. First, good transparency. Light transmittance is a key factor affecting the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic glass needs to have high light transmittance and high reflectivity of 1200nm infrared light. Second, high mechanical strength.

In addition, photovoltaic glass is generally used to support the structure of photovoltaic modules, enhance the load-bearing and load-bearing capacity of photovoltaic modules, and has the functions of light transmission, anti-reflection light transmission, water blocking, gas blocking and corrosion resistance.

Photovoltaic encapsulation adhesive film is an important component of photovoltaic modules, located on the upper and lower sides of the battery cell. The primary function of the adhesive film is to bond the battery to the glass and backplane. Secondly, the adhesive film can play a role in encapsulation protection, protect the battery circuit from interference from the external environment, and extend the service life of the module.

In addition, the encapsulation adhesive film can enhance the light transmittance of photovoltaic modules, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the module. Finally, the film can also play a role in structural support and positioning of batteries during the production, storage, installation and use of components.

Cells are the core components of components, mainly used to convert light energy into electrical energy. They are made of semiconductor materials. Through the irradiation of sunlight, electron-hole pairs are excited, and the electrostatic field of the P-N junction barrier region is used to separate electron-hole pairs. The separated electrons and holes are collected and output to the battery body through electrodes to form current.

After the cells are connected in series and in parallel and reach a certain rated output power and voltage, photovoltaic modules are formed. Photovoltaic modules are combined to form photovoltaic arrays, which are connected to controllers, battery packs, inverters and other components to form photovoltaic power generation systems.

Photovoltaic backplanes are packaging materials used for back protection, generally used for single-glass components. Photovoltaic backplanes are divided into fluorine-containing backplanes and non-fluorine backplanes. Fluorine-containing backplanes include TPT, TPE, TPC, CPC, and non-fluorine backplanes include PET, PA/PO, etc.

Photovoltaic backplanes are mainly used to resist the erosion of materials such as cells and films by environments such as humidity and heat, and play a role in corrosion resistance, weather resistance, oxidation resistance and insulation protection, which can effectively extend the service life of the components. The white backplane scatters the light incident on the inside of the photovoltaic module, which improves the light absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, due to its high infrared emissivity, it can also reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module and improve the insulation performance of the photovoltaic module.

The photovoltaic frame is a frame installed on the outer extension of the glass, which is mainly used to fix and seal the solar cell module to facilitate the transportation and installation of the photovoltaic module. The installation of the frame can protect the edge of the glass; secondly, the aluminum alloy combined with the silicone edging strengthens the sealing performance of the module; thirdly, it can greatly improve the overall mechanical strength of the module; fourthly, it is convenient for the installation and transportation of the module; fifthly, it is a link carrier between the load-bearing component and the bracket, which can achieve the best load resistance through fixation, from unit fixation to integration, and improve the mechanical capacity of the power station system.

Photovoltaic welding strip, also known as tin-coated copper strip, is a composite conductive material formed by coating tin-based solder on the surface of copper strip. It is used in the series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells to collect current and conduct electricity. It is an important material in the welding process of photovoltaic modules.

Photovoltaic welding strips are divided into interconnection welding strips and busbar welding strips. Interconnection welding strips are used to connect photovoltaic cells, collect and transmit photovoltaic cell current. Busbar welding strips are used to collect the current generated by the battery string and lead it into the junction box. The welding strip has a direct impact on current collection, which in turn affects the power and power generation efficiency of the module.

Silicone is mainly used to bond and seal laminated glass photovoltaic modules, bond the frame to glass, and the junction box to the backplane (or glass), playing a sealing and connecting role. According to the different use locations, silicone is divided into sealant and potting glue. Sealant is used in the frame card slot and the bottom of the junction box and the backplane. Potting glue is generally used inside the junction box. Its main function is to protect the internal circuit of the junction box.

The junction box is mainly composed of a junction box cover, a sealing ring, a diode, a heat sink, a box body, wires, and a connector. The main function of the junction box is to connect the power generated by the solar cell to the external circuit. While having good electrical performance, the design and size of the junction box must meet the requirements of the use environment, including: electrical, mechanical, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and weather resistance, and must not cause harm to users and the environment.